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Galen vs Harvey
Galen vs. Harvey Exhibit Conceptualization
In order to provide a physical conceptualization of our exhibit I think we should purchase a simplified anatomical poster and mount it to a Bristol board. From here we can draw lines from relevant organs to cue cards that indicate how Galen and Harvey understood the circulatory system. Each cue card could feature 3 to 5 points. This crude model will provide us with a decent conceptualization from which to digitize.
Harvey and Galen Images
We have found the images that we are hoping to use for the projection of the Galen vs. Harvey part of the project. Bellow are the tif files for those working on the project to download and use.
Galen_Projection.tif — and — Harvey_Projection.tif
For those merely interested in seeing the files on their own computers download through the links bellow.
GalenImage.pdf — and — HarveyImage.pdf
Finally, here is the images placed into one.
Storyboard
Krista's notes for meeting of 12 Nov 2008
-
comparison between Galen and Harvey. Concepts of circulation compared.
-
projection on screen showing the flow of blood according to Galen, using a wii remote to move around parts of human anatomy.
-
concept of the valves in relation to Harvey, pump and tubing showing how blood flows though and stops. Use of powerade bottle top or sippy cup as valves.
==Simon's notes for improvements/suggestions by Dr. Mckellar and co.
* make the presentation perhaps more interactive, movement and the ability to make the figures more stimulating
* another suggestion was to make the bodies more distinguishable, either by changing the image that we use for each body or simply by adding a date above their image.
* provide some type of auditory stimuli, either headphones or some speakers so that we can have sound for when the user is playing around with the program.
* Provide better contextualization for our presentation, to really relay what it is specifically that we are trying to accomplish.
* Provide an understand of the 4 humors for Galen and compare that somehow to Harvey's understanding of circulation.
* One suggestion was that we making it almost quiz like, so provide a basic quiz or series of questions that the user must answer which would then be follower
by some type of an on-screen reaction.
* We can approach it with humor as well, it can be funny! So that we have blood splatter by one of the bodies exploding (or something to that effect)
* We should better explain our understanding of the Harvey Brain - Rather than just saying that he didn't focus on it.
* Make it more fun!!!!
Feedback
-
physical manipulation of a manikin possibility
-
two bodies or displays side by side to allow for comparison
12 Jan 2009, feedback
-need for the bodies to be large, using the main projection screen in the room.
-the lack of information on a certain body part isn't a bad thing, as it highlights the differences between the two thinkers. Similarly, if they thought about something the same it speaks to the extent Harvey learned from Galen.
-there may be a few programming glitches with the graphics, however the logic behind it should not be that difficult—to start on programming as soon as rough copy done.
28 Jan 2009, Meeting Feedback
-Need to create two images in either Inkscape or GIMP, to be saved as a .tif or .jpg, should be colourful, and high resolution so when used on large screen the picture works.
-2 cursors, moving simultaneously means that the bodies have to be similar in their location of organs.
-Processing—open previously created image, tie cursors to motions of mouse, if cursor in region than a click creates a pop-up window, if person clicks outside of the body an instruction screen appears.
-To use a mouse initially, may change to a more interactive medium later on.
-Changing colour of the regions when they are being pointed to—later development
Group Plan and Organization
-
We will be doing a comparison between Galen and Harvey through the use of 'point and shoot' technology that allows viewers to interactively explore the diferences between Galen and Harvey's conceptions of various body parts.
-
The preliminary plan is to have a projection on screen showing the flow of blood according to Galen, using a wii remote to move around parts of human anatomy, with animations as people click on different items as well as text explanations of the differences and their significance.
-
An example is the concept of the valves in relation to Harvey, pump and tubing showing how blood flows though and stops. Use of powerade bottle top or sippy cup as valves.
-
We have broken the group into specialties in order to streamline the work. We have located four main areas of inquiry; the brain, liver heart and lungs. We have also identified the need to understand Galen theories of medicine, specifically the humoral understanding, and Harvey's differences. Simon will be the one to look into this. The specializations have been outlined as follows:
1 Brain - Natalie
2 Liver - Matthew
3 Heart - Ara
4 Lungs - Krista
We plan on creating mini story boards and plans for our particular section of the body and combinding them to create a larger story board for this section of the project. I am of the opinion that 4 - 6 slides each would be suffice as it would create quite the story board if we all did that. This, is of course, up for discussion.
Images
Embryonic Heart: 
Galenic Heart:
Harveian Heart:
Heart Machinery:
Arm Valves, Harvey:
Artist Representation of Muscles:
Galen's Pneumatic Theory
Galen had a specific theory regarding the origin of blood and it's purpose within the body. Fundamental to his approach to anatomy was found in his theory of spirits or pneuma that serve specific functions in the body.
Galen had a three-tiered pneumatic system, with the lowest pneuma being natural spirits, middle pneuma as vital spirits, and the highest being the animal spirit. A short explanation here must suffice to give a general conception of how Galen saw the interworking blood and pneuma within the body. The graphical representations should help to explain this as well.
First, Galen believed that blood found its beginning in the intestines (called the alimentary tract). It was transported from the intestines to the liver in the form of “chyle” in the “portal vessel”. The liver had the capacity to perform two functions, first was to develop the chyle into what we know as venous blood, and second to imbue it with what he called natural spirits—innate to all animals.
Once the blood left the liver and entered the venous system and proceeded to the heart where one of two things would happen. First is where most of the blood would remain in the right ventricle, be separated from its impurities that are then exhaled from the lungs where the blood proceeds to. After the impurities are exhaled the blood returns to the venous system. The second is that a small portion of the blood would enter the left ventricle, be imbued with the second type of pneuma called the vital spirit that would then proceed into the arterial system.
Some of this blood imbued with the natural and vital spirits would then proceed to the brain. In this largely mysterious organ Galen postulated that the blood was then imbued with the highest of pneumas, the animal spirits that were then distributed throughout the nervous system.
Summary of Galen
• Intestines provided starting point and fuel (chyle) for the creation of blood
• Liver takes fuel (chyle) and turns it into venous blood, imbuing it with natural spirits
• Heart takes blood and serves as a cleanser and re-deposits blood into the venous system or imbues it with a vital spirit and deposits blood into arterial system.
• Brain receives blood from the arterial system and imbues it with animal spirits and transports that through the nervous system to the rest of the body.
For images and further reading see:
Singer, Charles. A Short History of Anatomy & Physiology From the Greeks to Harvey." New York: Dover Publications, 1957.
Persaud, T. V. N. "Early History of Human Anatomy: From Antiquity to the Beginning of the Modern Era." Springfield: Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1984."
The Lungs
Galen:
-Thought that the human body thrived on vital spirits which existed in the air, and which were obtained through the trachea and then transferred to the lungs.
-Close association between respiration and the action of the heart.
-Believed that the lungs mix air breathed in with blood. The air arrives through the pulmonary artery and leaves through the right ventricle of the heart.
-Maintained that the arteries contain air, that the pulmonary vein provides nourishment, and that there is a connection between the tracheo-bronchial system and the pulmonary veins.
Harvey:
-The arteries contain blood not air as Galen thought, blood goes from the veins to the arteries without going through the spectum of the heart.
-He did not believe that the red colour of blood coming from the lungs was caused by aeration.
-Blood as the primary source of life, not vital spirits.
Further Reading:
Whitteridge, Gweneth. William Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. New York: American Elsevier Inc, 1971.
Harris, C.R.S. The Heart and Vascular System in Ancient Greek Medicine: From Alcmaeon to Galen. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
Galen – The Brain
-Work deeply influenced by Platonic psychology, Aristotelian biology, humoral model that the body was composed of various elements
-Brain stored animal spirits and then distributed them as required for the purposes of movement and sensation; created anatomical view of the brain; first to observe the brain as the controlling organ of the body
-Air from the lungs brought animal spirits into the brain, where they were stored in ventricles, transported via nerves to make muscles act; ventricles responsible for turning pneuma (warm air necessary to bodily function) into a psychic form to support the soul’s governing capacities
-Believed the rational spirit also housed in the brain; brain was the location of the soul; against widely held belief that rational spirit/mind/soul was in the heart and animation originated there
-Performed dissections and vivisections to understand the brain’s role in the body; discovered that nerve damage to different parts of the brain affected reason/judgement and movement/sensation; identified the brain and heart as having separate functions in the body
-Observed that nerves connected to brain and body controlled by it rather than cardiopulmonary organs
-Believed cardiopulmonary system had a sympathetic response to the emotion (reacted to the reaction of the brain – heart beats faster when emotions in brain triggered), which was more advanced than his foundations permitted him to fully understand
Further reading:
Singer, P.N. 'Levels of Explanation in Galen.' "The Classical Quarterly," New Series, Vol. 47, No. 2 (1997), pp. 525-542.
Rocca, Julius. "Galen on the Brain: Anatomical Knowledge and Physiological Speculation in the Second Century AD." Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Press, 2003.
The Heart
Galen
• Blood flows into the heart where it is endowed with “vital spirits.”
• Blood is pumped through the arteries and into the periphery again.
• Blood is constantly pumped outward through the heart, like water in an irrigation channel.
• The heart contains pores.
Harvey
• The heart is king of the body and functions as a pump.
• The heart is a muscle—when it contracts the arteries dilate and are filled with blood.
The Liver
Galen:
• Galen argued that the liver was the vessel that created the blood for the entire body.
• The liver takes nutrients from the intestine, which Galen called chyle
• The liver then uses the chyle to create venous blood, imbuing it with natural spirits
• Once blood left the liver it went to the heart where it would either be purified and re-deposited into the venous system or imbued with vital spirits.
• Key Point: Galen saw the liver as supplying the human body with blood and sending it to the heart.
Harvey:
• Concepts of the liver did not change drastically from Galen’s conception.
• Main difference between Galen and Harvey is that Harvey did not see the liver as the vessel that creates blood—a logical outcropping of his theory of circulation.
• Harvey did believe that the liver received nutrients from the intestines and that the liver then took the nutrients received and deposited them into the venous system.
• Key Point: Harvey saw the liver as feeding the body with necessary nutritive elements.
Useful Reading
I just found this article, which is a comparative look at Galen vs. Harvey. At the end, there is a diagram of both Galen and Harvey's model of the circulatory system, which we could use to go inside each of our bodies. That way, their differences are communicated visually, in the event our programming skills don't allow us to do everything we're envisioning from a circulation perspective. Also, Greek God Circulatory System Man provides a nice model for us, though apparently, he'd need a strategically placed fig leaf.
Mowry, Brian. "From Galen's Thoery to Harvey's Theory: A Case Study in the Rationality of Scientific Theory Change."
It's available online at: ![[WWW]](http://wikispot.org/wiki/eggheadbeta/img/sycamore-www.png){kind=small}
http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:10247/mowry_galen_85.pdf
"'Ideas for Future Additions to Working Beta Version'"
-circulatory system to be functioning/moving when clicked on; differing concepts of blood flow to be shown in the body, possibly represented by a moving dot or arrow
-show that in reality Galenic body would have exploded based on the amount of blood he thought the liver produced
-representation of "animal spirits" to enhance visual interest
-thought bubble from the brain on the Harvey figure showing something about Harvey's work/thoughts that will explain why there's no facts on the brain for him, because he dedicated all his work to the circulatory system; perhaps one of his experiments (such as the arm), which would connect to another part of the project/exhibit or Harvey's actual drawing of his version of the circulatory system
Processing Code, As of Feburary 25, 2009:
//Date Began : Feburary 10, 2009
//Harvey and Galen Comparisson, Body images set up.
PImage a; // Declare variable "a" of type PImage
PFont fontA;
PImage b;
PImage c;
PImage d;
PImage e;
void setup() {
background (0);
size(screen.width, screen.height); //display screen adjusts to sceen size, the image is currently center to my screen,
//so not entirely sure if it will shift when opened on a computer with a sceen of a different size.
fontA = loadFont("Calibri-Italic-32.vlw"); //selects font, from one created/saved in sketch folder.
textFont(fontA, 32);
a = loadImage("Programming1.png"); // Load the image into the program
b = loadImage ("bubble2.jpg");
c = loadImage ("bubble3.jpg");
d = loadImage ("bubble4.jpg");
e = loadImage ("bubble5.jpg");
}
void draw() {
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
fill(0, 102, 153);
textSize (32);
text ("Galen", 440, 180);
text ("Harvey", 740, 180);
if (((mouseY>310) && (mouseY<330) &&(mouseX>460) &&(mouseX <470))|| ((mouseY>320) && (mouseY<340) && (mouseX>780) && (mouseX<795))){
image (d, 20, 260, d.width/1.25, d.height*1.2); //Galen Heart Box
textSize(32);
text ("The Heart", 130,350);
fill (0,105,108);
textSize(24);
text ("-Galen thought that blood", 50, 380); //Galen Heart Text
text ("flowed into the heart", 50, 400);
text ("where it was endowed", 50, 420);
text ("with vital spirits.", 50, 440);
text ("-Thought blood was", 50, 470);
text ("constantly pumped", 50,490);
text ("out from the heart.",50,510);
fill(0, 102, 153);
image (c, 900, 255, c.width/1.25, c.height*1.2); // Harvey heart box
textSize (32);
text ("The Heart", 970, 350);
fill (0,105,108);
textSize(24);
text ("-Harvey believed the heart",950,380); //Harvey Heart Text
text ("was the king of the",950,400);
text ("body.",950, 420);
text ("-He thought the heart was", 950,450);
text ("both a pump and a muscle.", 950, 470);
text ("-The heart was essential", 950, 500);
text ( "to circulation.", 950, 520);
noLoop();
}
else if ((mouseY >200) && (mouseY <210)){
image (e, 20, 120, e.width/1.25, e.height*1.5); //Galen Brain box
textSize(32);
text ("The Brain", 120, 200); //Galen Brain Text
fill (0,105,108);
textSize (24);
text ("-Galen was the first to", 50,230);
text ("view the brain as the", 50, 250);
text ("controlling organ of" ,50,270);
text ("the body.", 50, 290);
text ("-He thought that animal" , 50, 320);
text ("spirits were brought to", 50, 340);
text ("the brain by the lungs,", 50, 360);
text ("and that the spirits made", 50, 380);
text ("the body to function",50,400);
image (b, 875, 150, b.width/1.25, b.height/1.75); //Harvey Brain Box
fill(0, 102, 153);
textSize(32);
text ("The Brain", 975, 200);
fill (0,105,108);
textSize(24);
text ("Harvey's research did not", 960, 230); //Harvey Brain text
text ("focus on the brain.", 960, 250);
noLoop();
}
else if ((((mouseY>300)&& (mouseY<340) && (mouseX >430) && (mouseX < 445)) || ((mouseY>300)&& (mouseY<340) && (mouseX>490) && (mouseX<510)))
|| (((mouseY > 300) && (mouseY < 360) && (mouseX >760) && (mouseX < 770)) || ((mouseY > 300)&& (mouseY < 340) && (mouseX > 810) && (mouseX < 820))))
{
image (d, 20, 175, d.width/1.25, d.height*1.5); //Galen Lung Box
fill(0, 102, 153);
textSize(32);
text ("The Lungs", 100,300);
fill (0,105,108);
textSize(22); //Galen Lung Text
text ("-Thought that the body", 50, 330);
text ("thrived on vital spirts, which" , 50, 350);
text ("the lungs ontained from", 50, 370);
text ("the air", 50, 390);
text ("-Believed the lungs mixed", 50, 420);
text ("air with blood, and that", 50, 440);
text ("arteries contained air", 50, 460);
text ("from the lungs.", 50, 480);
fill(0, 102, 153);
textSize(32);
image (c, 890, 175, c.width/1.25, c.height*1.5); //Harvey Lung Box
text ("The Lungs", 950, 300);
fill (0,105,108);
textSize(22);
text ("-The arteries contain blood", 940, 330); //Harvey Lung Text
text ("not air.", 940, 350);
text ("-The red colour of blood", 940, 380);
text ("from the lungs wasn't", 940, 400);
text ("caused by aeration.", 940, 420);
text ("-Blood was the primary", 940, 450);
text ("source of life, not vital spirits", 940, 470);
noLoop();
}
else if ((mouseY>350) && (mouseY<370)){
image (d, 20, 260, d.width/1.25, d.height*1.2); //Galen Liver Box
fill(0, 102, 153);
textSize (32);
text ("The Liver", 100,350);
fill (0,105,108);
textSize (24);
text ("-Galen argued that the", 50, 380); //Galen Liver Text
text ("liver was created blood", 50, 400);
text ("for the entire body.", 50, 420);
text ("-After leaving the liver,", 50, 450);
text ("blood went to the heart", 50, 470);
text ("where it was purified and", 50, 490);
text ("distributed to the body, or", 50, 510);
text ("imbued with vital spirits.", 50,530);
fill(0, 102, 153);
image (c, 905, 260, c.width/1.25, c.height*1.2); //Harvey Liver Box
textSize (32);
text ("The Liver", 980, 360);
fill (0,105,108);
textSize (24);
text ("-Harvey did not see the", 960, 380); //Harvey Liver Text
text ("liver as creating blood",955, 400);
text ("this led to his", 950, 420);
text ("discovery of the circulation", 950, 440);
text ("system.", 950, 460);
text ("-He believed the liver", 950, 490);
text ("supplied the body with", 950, 510);
text ("necessary nutrients.", 950,530);
noLoop();
}
else {
textSize (36);
text ("Start Exploring Galen and Harvey by moving your mouse over the bodies.", 200,100);
}
loop();
}
Some Bubble Samples
I've created a potential bubble that looks more up to par to the pictures that we may want to go with. Brain bubble sample.pdf Heart bubble sample.pdf
Galen vs. William Harvey: Post-Exhibit Quiz
1) According to Galen, the arteries contained which of the following?
a) Air
b) Natural spirits
c) Animal spirits
d) Blood
2) To whom was the heart analogous to a “pump,” functioning largely as the “king of the body?”
a) Aristotle
b) Galen
c) William Harvey
d) Fabricius of Aquapendente
3) William Harvey could not quantify the existence of what?
a) Lungs
b) Veins
c) Capillaries
d) Valves
4) Which organ, argued Galen, was responsible for the production of blood in the entire human body?
a) Brain
b) Heart
c) Stomach
d) Liver
5) William Harvey remained a firm intellectual disciple of which classical philosopher?
a) Plato
b) Aristotle
c) Xenophon
d) Thales
6) William Harvey published his discovery of the circulation of the blood in ?
a) On the Motions of the Heart and Blood in Animals
b) De Humani Corpois Farica
c) Thus Spoke Zarathustra
d) How to Win Friends & Influence People
7) To whom was the brain first viewed as the controlling organ of the body?
a) William Harvey
b) Galen
c) Hippocrates
d) Friedrich Nietzsche
8) According to Galen, blood flowed into the heart where it was endowed with _?
a) Air
b) Humors
c) Vital spirits
d) Chyle
9) William Harvey identified what as the primary source of life?
a) Air
b) Black bile
c) Yellow bile
d) Blood
10) The relationship between Galen and Harvey’s understanding of the body can best be characterized as?
a) Continuity and change
b) Identical
c) Stark contrast
d) Unknown
Answer Key
1) a
2) c
3) c
4) d
5) b
6) a
7) b
8) c
9) d
10) a
Text Bubbles
The Heart 
The Galen Heart Bubble 
The Harvey Heart Bubble
The Liver 
The Galen Liver Bubble 
The Harvey Liver Bubble
The Lungs 
The Galen Lungs Bubble 
The Harvey Lungs Bubble Programming Files w/o Background
Galen Heart
Harvey Heart
Galen Liver
Harvey Liver
Galen Lungs
Harvey Lungs
Galen Brain 
Harvey Brain
Image Change
Here are some samples for the potential image changes that we might make when each body part is selected. In addition to the bubble, we are also hoping to have the body part change its color or look so that it pops more. Feel free to leave a comment.
Here is a brightening technique
Here are two different styles. One is a color change and the other is a odd modification to hue saturation... etc. I'm really just experimenting with all of this.
'"Harvey Brain Content"'
Since Harvey did not do any work on the brain, we've decided to use this "bubble" to explain how Harvey's work was controversial, and how he had one foot in Galenic tradition and one in modern science. We felt it was important to communicate that it would have been difficult for Harvey to defy the knowledge he was trained in and that which was accepted in his time.
-Royal physician to King James I and King Charles I
-First in Western medicine to discover the correct function of the circulatory system
-Harvey was trained in Galenic tradition, although his work on the circulatory system defied it; difficult to pursue work that went against prevailing beliefs
-Harvey’s work was criticized often; his ideas were eventually accepted during his lifetime, but they did not impact medicine until much later
-His discoveries were made using controversial method such as vivisection (dissection of live animals), which made his theories difficult for society to accept
Simon’s Notes on the Humours and Harvey/Galen Brain
Galen and the Four Humours
• Similar to the four natural elements, earth, air, fire, water, Galen believed the human body to be made up of four humours, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm and blood.
• The four humours, circulating in the body, affected the nature of the human temperament and in turn its relation to the outward appearance of the individual.
• These humours, in a healthy individual, were to be kept in perfect balance by the body and as such were central to Galen’s understanding of human physiology.
Harvey and the Four Humours
• The relationship of the four humours to the body has often been compared to that of a perfect circle, harmonious, complimentary and cyclical.
• The idea of "circles" forms the background to some of Harvey's concept.
• Harvey emphasizes the blood as vital to the proper understanding and functioning of the body, perhaps above all other fluids.
Galen on the Brain
• Galen was the first to view the brain as the controlling organ of the body.
• He thought that spirits were brought to the brain by the lungs and that these spirits made the body function.
• WE MAY WANT TO ADD: The spirit was carried to the brain, where it was further changed into a second kind of pneuma (air/spirit), the Animal Spirit, which was conveyed to, different parts of the body by the nerves.
Harvey on the Brain
• Harvey focused entirely on the sovereignty of the heart including its independence from the brain.
• The heart contained blood, life, sensation, motion, and was present before either the brain or the liver was in being.
• "The heart, like the prince in a kingdom, in whose hands lie the chief and highest authority, rules over all; it is the original and foundation from which all power is derived, on which all power depends in the body."
Here are the Galen/Harvey Organ Image Change Files
Galen Heart 
Harvey Heart
Galen Liver 
Harvey Liver
Galen Lung 
Harvey Lung
Here are the two bubbles explaining the Humoral understanding.
Galen's Theory
Harvey's Theory
Processing Code as of March 26, 2009
This version incorporates the body parts changing colour when selected, new bubbles for the brain and humors, and visuals of how Harvey and Galen's ideas would have worked. Still debating over what would be the best way to incorporate the quiz idea into the program. (Would it be best left until the conclusion, or broken up into a question per organ?)
//Date Began : Feburary 10, 2009
//Harvey and Galen Comparisson, Body images set up.
PImage a;
PFont fontA;
PImage G_Heart; //G = Galen, H = Harvey, CH=Change
PImage G_Heart_CH ;
PImage H_Heart;
PImage H_Heart_CH;
PImage G_Lungs;
PImage G_Lungs_CH;
PImage H_Lungs;
PImage H_Lungs_CH;
PImage G_Liver;
PImage G_Liver_CH;
PImage H_Liver;
PImage H_Liver_CH;
PImage G_Brain;
PImage G_Brain_CH;
PImage H_Brain;
PImage H_Brain_CH;
PImage G_Humours;
PImage H_Humours;
PImage G_Body ;
PImage G_Head;
PImage Harvey;
PImage Splat;
float y = 700.0;
float x = 760;
float y2 = 320;
float b = 450;
float b2 = 400;
void setup() {
background (0);
size(screen.width, screen.height); //display screen adjusts to sceen size, the image is currently center to my screen,
//so not entirely sure if it will shift when opened on a computer with a sceen of a different size.
fontA = loadFont("Calibri-32.vlw"); //selects font, from one created/saved in sketch folder.
textFont(fontA, 32);
a = loadImage("Programming1.png"); // Load the image into the program
G_Heart = loadImage ("Galen Heart.png");
G_Heart_CH = loadImage ("Galen Heart Change.png");
H_Heart = loadImage ("Harvey Heart.png");
H_Heart_CH = loadImage ("Harvey Heart Change.png");
G_Lungs = loadImage ("Galen Lungs.png");
G_Lungs_CH = loadImage ("Galen Lung Change.png");
H_Lungs = loadImage ("Harvey Lungs.png");
H_Lungs_CH = loadImage ("Harvey Lung Change.png");
G_Liver = loadImage ("Galen Liver.png");
G_Liver_CH = loadImage ("Galen Liver Change.png");
H_Liver = loadImage ("Harvey Liver.png");
H_Liver_CH = loadImage ("Harvey Liver Change.png");
G_Brain = loadImage ("Galen Brain.png");
G_Brain_CH = loadImage ("Galen Brain Change.png");
H_Brain = loadImage ("Harvey Brain.png");
H_Brain_CH = loadImage ("Harvey Brain Change.png");
G_Humours = loadImage ("Galen Humours.png");
H_Humours = loadImage ("Harvey Humours.png");
G_Head = loadImage ("Galen Head.png");
G_Body = loadImage ("Galen Body.png");
Harvey = loadImage ("Harvey.png");
Splat = loadImage ("Splat.png");
}
void draw() {
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
textSize (32);
fill (250);
text ("Galen", 440, 150);
text ("(130-201)",420, 180);
text ("Harvey", 740, 150);
text ("(1578-1657)",720, 180);
text ("Make Harvey Circulate", 900, 600);
text ("How would Galen's", 30, 600);
text ("theories work?", 30,620);
textSize (24);
text ("Done Exploring?",550, 600);
text ("Put your", 550, 620);
text ("knowledge to", 550, 640);
text ("the test!", 550, 660);
if ((mouseY >580) && (mouseY<620) && (mouseX> 870) && (mouseX<999)) {
frameRate(280);
fill (#050BFF);
ellipse(760, y, 15, 15);
ellipse (760, y+20, 15,15);
ellipse (760, y+40, 15,15);
y=y-0.5;
if (y < 300) {
y= 300;
background (0);
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
frameRate (280);
ellipse (x, y, 15,15);
ellipse (x+20, y,15,15);
ellipse (x+40, y, 15,15);
x= x+0.5;
if (x >813) {
background (0);
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
text ("Make Harvey Circulate", 900, 600);
frameRate (180);
ellipse (817,y2,15,15);
ellipse (817, y2+20, 15,15);
ellipse (817, y2+40, 15,15);
y2 = y2 + 0.5;
}
if (y2>700) {
background (0);
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
text ("Make Harvey Circulate", 900, 600);
}
}
}
if ((mouseY>580) && (mouseY<620) && (mouseX>0) && (mouseX<180)) {
background (0);
image(Harvey, 700, 0, Harvey.width/3, Harvey.height/3);
image (Splat, 430,150,Splat.width/2, Splat.height/2);
image (G_Head, 290, 15, G_Head.width/3, G_Head.height/3);
image (G_Body, 20,220, G_Body.width/3, G_Body.height/3);
text ("Galen's concept of", 30, 300);
text ("replendishing blood", 30, 330);
text ("would have created", 30, 360);
text ("too much blood for", 30, 390);
text ("the body. This", 30, 420);
text ("excess blood would", 30, 450);
text ("have made people", 30, 480);
text ("explode", 30, 510);
frameRate (180);
fill (#E30724);
ellipse (b,200,15,15);
ellipse (b-3,180, 10,10);
// ellipse (150, b2, 15,15);
ellipse (400, b-200, 12,12);
ellipse (550, b-250, 10,10);
b2 = b+2;
b = b+0.5;
}
else if (((mouseY>310) && (mouseY<350) &&(mouseX>460) &&(mouseX <480))|| ((mouseY>320) && (mouseY<360) && (mouseX>780) && (mouseX<795))){
background (0);
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
image (G_Heart, 5,0, G_Heart.width/3.2, G_Heart.height/3.5);
image (H_Heart, 745, 10, H_Heart.width/3, G_Heart.height/3.5);
image (G_Heart_CH, 340, 220, G_Heart_CH.width /2, G_Heart_CH.height/2);
image (H_Heart_CH, 670, 220, H_Heart_CH.width /2, H_Heart_CH.height/2);
}
else if (((mouseY >200) && (mouseY <210) && (mouseX>460) && (mouseX<480)) ||((mouseY >200) && (mouseY <210) && (mouseX>780) && (mouseX<805))) {
background (0);
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
image (G_Brain_CH, 380, 135, G_Brain_CH.width /3, G_Brain_CH.height/3);
image (H_Brain_CH, 690, 130, H_Brain_CH.width /3, H_Brain_CH.height/3);
image (G_Brain, 0,0, G_Brain.width/3, G_Brain.height/3);
image (H_Brain, 770,0, G_Brain.width/3, G_Brain.height/2);
}
else if ((((mouseY>250)&& (mouseY<350) && (mouseX >420) && (mouseX < 450)) || ((mouseY>250)&& (mouseY<370) && (mouseX>480) && (mouseX<510)))
|| (((mouseY > 250) && (mouseY < 370) && (mouseX >740) && (mouseX < 770)) || ((mouseY > 300)&& (mouseY < 370) && (mouseX > 810) && (mouseX < 820))))
{
background (0);
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
image (G_Lungs, 60, 0, G_Lungs.width/3.55, G_Lungs.height/3.3);
image (H_Lungs, 775,5, H_Lungs.width/3.95, G_Lungs.height/3.2);
image (G_Lungs_CH, 365, 250, G_Lungs_CH.width /2.5, G_Lungs_CH.height/2.5);
image (H_Lungs_CH, 600, 160, H_Lungs_CH.width /2.5, H_Lungs_CH.height/2.5);
noLoop();
}
else if (((mouseY>340) && (mouseY<380) && (mouseX>410) && (mouseX<470)) || ((mouseY>340) && (mouseY<380) && (mouseX>730) && (mouseX<780))){
background (0);
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
image (G_Liver, 0, 0, G_Liver.width/3, G_Liver.height/3.5);
image (H_Liver, 770,0, H_Liver.width/3, G_Liver.height/3.5);
image (G_Liver_CH, 360, 270, G_Liver_CH.width /2.5, G_Liver_CH.height/2.5);
image (H_Liver_CH, 680, 280, H_Liver_CH.width /2.5, H_Liver_CH.height/2.5);
noLoop ();
}
else if (((mouseY >400) && (mouseY <700) && (mouseX>650) && (mouseX<850)) || ((mouseY >400) && (mouseY <700) && (mouseX>350) && (mouseX<550))) {
background (0);
image(a, 0, 0, a.width/3, a.height/3);
image (G_Humours, 0, 0, G_Humours.width/4, G_Humours.height/3.5);
image (H_Humours, 770,0, H_Humours.width/3.5, G_Humours.height/3.5);
}
loop ();
}
Harvey & Galen: Smartboard Synopsis
Until the early modern era, understandings of human physiology and pathology were credited to Galen of Pergamum. Perhaps the most influential Greek physician after Hippocrates, Galen refined medicine, however imperfectly, into a science. He was an avid experimenter and frequently dissected living and dead animals. Since human dissection was forbidden, Galen applied his insights into the bodily structure of animals to humans. Galen was not limited to experimental conclusions. He employed a teleological philosophy—the notion that all parts of the body were created for a clearly defined purpose. Much of Galenic physiology is therefore based on speculation and inference. Where quantifiable explanations were simply unavailable, Galen referred to the presence of “spirits” in order to fill the gap in his reasoning.
William Harvey differed from his classical predecessors through experimental and quantitative methodology. Interested predominantly in the process of blood circulation, Harvey avoided authoritative theories of the body. In short, Harvey isolated his phenomena. He dispensed with the work of “spirits” in favor of mathematical and morphological arguments.
Would it be accurate to refer to William Harvey as a “modern scientist”? Not quite. Although Harvey’s methods were removed from classical theory, he did not mark a clean break from antiquity. Eager to dispense of Galen’s suppositions, Harvey was quick to cite Galen when supporting his own conclusions. Moreover, his Aristotelian worldview suggests significant continuity with the past. Perhaps it would be wise to think of Harvey as a transitional figure in the history of medicine.
Presentation Day
